craven



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-'Sheet 1 Rs. GRAVVEN.- TUNNELING MAGHINE.

No. 307,379. Patented oct. 28, 1884.

zligl- INVENTOR; 20m l @l @M3 2511/A his ./ttorney, l

TUNNELING MACHINE.

No. 307,379. Patented ont. 28, 1834.

WITNESSES By his'ttomeys, A

H. S.0RAVB N. TUNNELING MAGHINB.

(No Model.)

III

WIT-NESSES (No Model.)

TUNNELING MACHINE.- No. 307,379.

WITNESSES: INVENTORE gi; i :i C .J'r

, 'mv jlhy histtomeys,

I 5 meets-sheet H. s. G RAVEN.-

Patented'O-ot. Z8, 1884. y

(No Model.) 5 sheets-sheet 5.,A

H .S.GRAVEN. TUNNELING MACHINE.

No. 307,379. Patented 001'.. 28, 41884..l

. Fi EZYLD;

WITNESSES; 1 mVENTOR- i oim @m5 ma@ By his naamw,

MQW' V MQmM-w UNITED- STATES HENRY s. oneven, oF yInvI'ivegro'n, NEW` YORK.

TuNNELiNe-'MQHi-NE-.l

sri:orP Icle'rrcguzv forming pm f Letters Patent 1510.301379; dated october' 2a, 1884.

Applicationeiea october ne, mea. (No model.)

To all whom, it may eonc'ern.

' Be it knownthat I, HENRY S. CRM/EN, a

' citizen of the United' States, residing at Irving# ton, in the county of l/Vestchester and State 5` of New York, have invented certain neuf and .A duced in acentral drill-hole.-

` axes, and. aeentral axial drilli's Aalsoprovided 'to drill, the hole for 'thef charge of explosive;

f `My improved machine is -designed to effect useful Improvements in Tunneling-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

the cutting of tunnels through rock or other hard,materialwith'greater facility and expedition thau heretofore. It relates to th'at'class of maehineswh'ich employ a drill or combination of drills constructed to eut or bore an an-` unlar groove the full size of the contemplated tun-nel, orfvery nearlyl so,l leaving a cylindrical mass of' rock-at the endfo'f the bore to be blasted out bya charge of explosive intro?` j My. machine consists, ingenerahjofa central shaft supported i-n bearings so that 'item-iis' cow-- incides with 'the axis of thetunnehwith means for rotating it, and Withlone or more radial varms (preferably three); projecting froirrfitsv end and bearingdrills or cuttingven'ds which abrade the rock as the arms .1 'evolve=. .These drills are preferably caused torotate 'on' their The' entire machine is borne upon aljablelorf carriagejwhich slides lupon a'car which is fastix drill-arms Vshown inl Fig. 1 0, cut along the line ll 11 inFig. 12', and Fig. '1211s a'plan ofthe drill-arm shown inFig, 11. Figs. 5, 6, 7,'8,

-.9, 11, and 12 are d raWnfto a scalethree times greater than the other'gur'es.

Referring chieilyto Figs. l, 2, and 3, let A' designate aj r'ailwayf'traek laid 'in the unn- -ished tunnel; B,a car. mounted upon` eight wheels (more or less) running upon that track.;

C, a table or bed -mounted on said car .and capable of sliding longitudinally thereon; D, a

shaft 'the'axis of which coincides with the axis' of the tun`nel,land is mounted 4in 'bearings on responding to Fig. 6, audi-llustrating-a .modi-- Fig. 1l isa sectional front'view; of o ne of the v the bed C; E,'three radial Aarmsrlxed to the end of saidsliait, and F F Fithree drills l mounted en 'fthe varms' E E-ndproj'ecting if.

iadireetion-parallelwitll the axis of the Shaft D. 11 ThetrackA. should be laid with some accuracy, its rails being kept at acertaindei- -nite distance fromthe'axis of thetunneland of,uny-ielding. axle-boxes;y and when rolled into position cIose'to-theend of the .tunnel is cned in place inthe tunnel,; tliisitablelbeing; fed forwardovezthe car as the'outtifng pro- 1* ceeds.

` Fig'.A 71" is "afgfro'nt4 elevation; there'df, partlyf I of the see-tion.F4 Eig. 9 isfaA sectional vView cortrate my invention, Figrel is .aside elevation E j. of `my machine, .the tunnelbeingshowninlon-- instable screwstrutsor shares G` G29 (Shown in '-hi`ngle'd` to` the sides of' the lcar, and capable 4of up atabutthe angleshown, they are elongated tratet-he;. rockand they press down'npon the fof 'the tunnel, and when screwed out hold the slides upon guides or runners upon. the ear B,

vto the under side of; th'etable, and the headed downto the car, finy other means of effect-v being turned up so that'their ends shalljtou'c'h -thefiroofv of the tunnel. 1When thus turnedf exactly parallel withthat axis. The eanB'is mounted on; itsfwheels through -the "medium:

rl-have'shown, andwhichI.prefenare'the ad.

ear rmlyin placelaterally.; The'car may also eclamped'to the -track,ifdesired'. T lhe table() IOO guidesor rails b b-,which enterthem-arebolted' IOS ingthi's result may bejjadopted. screw, ,0,

ishaft, f, (Fig. 4: The screw c passes through fixed nutsA g you the car' B, 'and when turned by meansof the crank-shaft f the table C" is caused'to move longitudinally on 4the carB.

. This constitutes the feed Yfor controlling the advance of the tool inl euttingthe rock.. Any

other form of feed may be used,such as a rack provided withprojecting frames C' C', afl'ordl1 5- andi pinion, or a ratchet andpawl, r a hydraulic cylinder vand piston. The table C is `ing bearings for the shaft D, and upon it'are formed` bearings for the crank-shaft Hof a steam-engine, 1,1the frame of which rests upon the-rear end `of the table. 4The steam for driving this 'engine may be4 brought from a' boiler-located at anyeonvenient point; or the t-able C may be made larger and the boiler may be mounted upon it; orcompressed air or other gas may bevused to 4drive the engine. A `pinion, J, is fixed on the front end of the shaft H, and meshes with a gear, K, fixed on the rear end of the shaft D, so that the latter shaft and its arms E E are rotated from the engine." The' arms E E are preferably all cast in one piece and fixed upon thcfront end of the shaft D by keying or otherwise; but, if preferred, a soeketed hub lmay be fixedupon the shaft, and removable arms may be fitted into the sockets; .orany other construction may b e adopted having sufficient' strength. (me, two,` four, or other-` number of arms m'ay be used; but three are preferable. The arms must be so few in 'number or their interspaees must be so wide that they will nt interferewith vthe track when the machine yis rolled back. These' varms are cast of ,the form shown ineross-section in Fig. 7, with a flat plate or web, h, having flanges i projecting rearwardly from both edges, and a flange, j, projecting forward from its middle. The flange 7' dividesv in' a Y toward the end of each arm, and the two branches form brackets to, supporta headhl, formed on the end `of the arm. This headE. extends forward and to each side, as shown best in Figs. 5, 6, and 8, and'to its front side is'bol'ted' a' frame, L, consisting of a broad base, kwhich rests against the front faeeof the head-E,a central tubular bearing-arm, Z, which projects to the front from the middle ofthe base, and

i two diagonal braces, m m, which support. the

front end of the arm Z.- This tubulararm l forms a bea-ringforthe drill-spindle M, whichv is passed through it, and the squared and tapered front end of which projects beyond the front of the arm and receives the drill-head N which,'wl1en-at work, seats back against and `is rel-enforced b'y the front en d of the bearing l. When dulled or'wornout, it may be driven 0E from th'e spindle by striking it from be hind. The spindle Mland head N constitute the drill or cutter F, before referred to. The

spindle M extends back through the hea'dE" :md plate 71., and ou itsrear endis Xeda'pi/n1` ion, a, which receives motion from a large gear, O, through the intermediation of four or other number of idler-gears, p p, as best shown in Fig. 2. The gear 0 is stationary, being the .same direction, and theV motion is trans-i mitted tol the pinions n n and spindles M M, which revolve thus-in the saine direction as the vshaft D, but much faster. -The proportion vwhich I propose toadopt is ninety revolutions' for shaft H, thirty for shaft D, and two hundred and forty for drills M N -per minute.' The drill-heads M N have, in consequence of the gearing just described, a double motion first, a rapid rotation en their owii axes, and, sccond, a slow revolution around .the axis of 'the shaft D. As they4 abr-ade the rock they plow an annular groove, (shown ata: in Fig. 2,) and they are slowly fed forward into the rock by the feed-screw c until thisvgroove has reached 'a depth of about three feet.l The entire niachine is then run back into' the tunnel, andthe projecting core of rock thus eut around `is removed by blasting. i

In order to facilitatethe blasting out of this core of rock, I provide for drilling a'central hole into it at the same time that the annular groove is being cut. `by `the `drills F F, I arrangea central drill-shaft, I), to pass through theaxis of the shaft D, which is made tnbular for this purpose, and to project beyond the'same at'both, ends.' On its front end it bears a drill-head, NQ' and on its rear end it bears a belt-pulley, q, which is driven by'a belt from a larger pulley, 'q, on the shaft H,

as shown in Figs. 3 and 4; or cog-gearing may be substituted. y volve faster thanthe shaft D, and mayrevolve in either direction. As shown, its speed will .beabout seven times greater than that of the shaft D, or about two hundred and ten rerelutions per minute. l3nt for the necessity of driving. this drill faster, lit `might be fastenedl to and project from the front of the shaft D.

' The spindles M M (shown in Figs. l and S) are' arranged with theiraires parallel to` the axis of the shaft D, andconsoqucntly parallel This drilllshaft l? should re-' to'the wall of the tunnel, as shown `in "Fig,

`As the size ofthe drill-head X, and conse- IIO quently the Width of the groove fr, is practically limited, and as it -is desirable to have the pinion-n of at least as great diameter as the drill-head, it is necessary to enlarge tht diameter of the tunnel between the drill-head andfthe pinion. This result I accomplish by introducinga supplementary drill-head or cuttingwheel, Q., fixed on the outer end of a short shaft or spindle, Q', having bearings i n and under the'head Il, crossing the spindle M closet()l it, and driven from said spindle through skew bevelgears r r, as shown in` Figs. 5 to 8. This cutting-wheel enlarges the tunnel sufficiently to make room for the pin ion-a, and also gives the roel; afinal dressing or finishing, and removes any irregularities aofi.

itisilacedso far-.behind the .drill-head `N that vits action-isbn ihefportion vof thetunnelirom Vwhich theeoreb'ilgrock formed by the .previous "operationha 'been removedrby blasting.'

Thisenlargementof the 'tun'uei 'also greatly facilitates the reino yalof the dbris during the voperation of. the machine, so' that' it shall. 'not accumulate on th'eunder side', ofthebore and l l1o impede therevolutionof thearmsE E as-they Y Itv is highly necessary 'that-'all'the` drills `aud, 'cutters shall be supplied copiouslygwith water, inQrdertokeepthemfmru-hatipgfto militare' 1 5 their abrasive action,l and to continually ivasl'r away the dbris r detritus asrfast as itl-is formed. Fo'rthis purp'osefI provide af-pump and aseries of water. ducts 'or passages' lead* ing thence throughv themoving". parts'- t-o 'thef 'zo`A drill-heads or cutters-so that the' action ofthe pump forcesa jet of Vwater t'oissueat eachxcutff ter and pass between'the cutter and tn eroclg after which. thewater ows away over the' rock and keepsy theV latter continually freed from detritus. This pump't is seen in Figs. 1 and 4, Aand may be any ordinary steam-pump, or 'other force-pump Worked by suitable power.

From itsldelivery a pipe,y s, leadsto a hollow" cap, S, on the rear end of thesliaftD,whi ch cap 3o is connected by awater-tight packing tothe shaft, and remains stationary while the 'shaft' revolves. Its interior communicates with the interior of a bearing' sleeve or tube,- t, (prefer:v

ably'of brass) whic'his fitted in a' longitudinal 'i bore through the shaft D, and which serves as a jou'rn:1l-bearing for'the drill-shaft?. Thelatj ter is supported at intervals bymeansof ribson the interior of the sleeve t, and the'water passes between the shaft and vsleeve through-grooves 4o or apertures in these ribs. The shaft Pis hollowfandhas pert'orat-ions u u, Fig.- 3,".c1nmuni'cating' with thewater-space in the sleeve i, `through which perfor-ations thewater passes: io its bore audilows forward tothe drillihead,

N. Three' pipes', o o.' tap the cavity in' the -front end'of the shaft 1),'beyond the sleeve t. one of them being -shown in Fig. 43 and all lof.

' them in. Fig.' 10. Each of these pipes passes up oneoftlhea'rmszE and around to therear face thereof, whereit connects with a hollow cap, S,v construct'ed similarlyto the capSand mountedl on the projecting rear end of the;

' spindle lVLas b'est shown in Fig. 6. Thespi'm die M is tubular, and the Water passes through lits -bore vto the' drill-head N. Thus water is supplied to the four drill-heads .N N Naud N', and, as 'each of these is formed with a cen'- tral bore and with radial grooves across its eutt'ngfface, .the water passes through it and between it andthe rockin all directions,keep ing it cool and facilitating its cutting. NVater is 'also supplied tol the cut-ters .Q Q, but by' meansofv jets playing on them, instead of streams passing t-hrougl'rthem.

FromA eachpipe v a branch, o', isi'aken and carried .up the front of the arm E to thehead E', through which it passes, as shown. in Fig.

un y 'the 'front'side of the cntterQ, as also shown in instead offpip'es oo', the arms. E maybe end of "the arm E, .an'dit and 'the idlers p p are 'also yh ou'sed'and protected by being 'ari of .the 'arm ,.Asieries ofplates, i', are also fitted ltotherear side o'f 'the arms E, as shown in Figs. 2 6,- and '19,* thereby completely in closing` i'aheseIgear/.Q .The idlers p p. have their working-'faceisolotained.. .,Then' the track -A is laid-,fthe lastaseetio`n,xclose to the'end of the tunnel,`b'eing -la id"with care 'in the manner hereinbefore described.' This section' must be removable; and should be specially construct ed' -fortthat purpose.V .T he machine isfthen 'rolled into 'the tunnel 'mi the track', 'its arms E E being heldin theposition shown in Fig. 2,

is stopped with the drillheads N. Niiotquite touching.the-.rockin the end ofthe tunnel. Theitable C has'fbeen p'r'eviousymoved back -o-n theear-. Bto tszutmostlimitas shown in Figs.'j1.'1id 3.f ;1 'maehineis 'then 'fastened solidly.fand iirnf'ily imposition byimeans of thestruts Gf G, and the engine I and the, pum-p It areistar'ted. ``When .the machine has attained ajsiticient speedttor. give itthe de- -sired "momentum, the table C is"v fed forward .by turningth'e crankshaft f until the'drill-A First, they vwill cut 'through thefprojecting vportions,and gradually, as they are slowly fed 'up bythev crank-shaft f, theywill have plowed out a wellfd'efu'ed lannular groove, The maichine is then well at' work, -and its operation is continued until this groovereaches a depth of about three -feet-or'other depth,- according- Vto the capacity of themachine. Anatt'endant stands constantlyat the side of the machine, watching fits" operation, and feeding it. up'

to keep the arms E Erevolying at as nearly a uniform speed as possible.

out, and the waterx'carrying lthem flows back beneath the track through the channel. X` in Fig: 2. VVhen'the machine has beenfed for# ts further advancement 'is prevented by abutting stops.. It should then be stopped, 'the struts Grl G' taken down and-turned in along-*- side the car, and the machine run back upon the track suiiicient-ly far to be safe from injury dnring the' blasting.:4 A chargeof explosive isthen'put in thecentral drill-hole 'and.ircd, disruptingth'e core of rock. The

cored cat tojform suitablewater-passages. The `pinion n is'h'oused by a cap, n, .on the fslowly by turning' the' shaft f, his aim being The cuttings or detritus from the drills are continually washed t'ltr-xnay-be'occasioned duringthebl'asti-ng', ns1 25, andterminatesin a-.npzzle dlrected toward rangedfin the space between the two ilafnges i bearings'on the onesidefin'the 'plate or vwebh, vand on the other in the plates @"n", asshown V s'o that thelowerarms clear thetraclggand 1t IOO heads reach therockand begin to abr'ade it.

IIC

@25" -vard three ieetor other predetermined limit,

lfragments of rock are `rnen gatnered up and carried back, being taken past the machine through the .spaces between thearms E E.

When the heading has been cleared of debris,

the section of track A. is then moved forward.

three feet, a short section is placed behindit,

.between it and .the permanent track, andthe 'thespindlc is xed a small chain-pull'eyior tion.

sprocket wheel, a, in place 4of the' pinion shown inFig'. 6, and over this passes-an end less chain, T, the links ot' which drop intode- .pressionsionuthe wheel. lThis chain passes over a .large stationary sprocket-Wheel, (not showin) which corresponds to the gear O, and has on its periphery'three different 'series of depressions, arranged side by side, for` the re'- ception of the three` chains T for. the three arms E. rIhus bythe rotation of` thearms the'drill-spindles `are driven' in the saine way as if by gears, although in the opposite direc- Room is provided for the sprocketwheel a by tilting the spindle M, its rear' end being nearerthe axis of the shaft D,and consequently farther from the Wall of the tun-- ne1,than its front end, which bears the 'drillhead'.- In other respects the construction and operation of this form of drill are the sameas of the onebefore described. f

In some cases it may be found necessary to brace and support the front ends of the three drills F1 F by connecting them together by means of a direct 'connectionwithin' the an- -nular groove w. Ordinarily the diagonal arms m m will be relied upon to withstand the strain ,to whiehthe arms win be subjected merlin operation;V but when these prove.inadequate the construction shown in Figs; l() to 124 may be.addpted. Three curved bars'of channelirQn, U UI U,A are bolted to the frontend of the frames L L L, and extend each from one toV ,thejnext Theseba'rs are bent,vv to the same curve as the groovea, in which they turn, and.

' are provided with inclined ribs 'w w on their outer or back sides -to act as sweeps to push backthe dbris which accumulates in the groove. One of these'barsmust be nnbolted and removed-before themachine can be rolled back on the track .after completing a cnt, as

:otherwise it would ollidewith the track. Be

fore removing the bar the cutting-head will be fed back intil the bar is withdrawn ont of the out, and so made accessible. v

' My machine is susceptible of some modification of construction without departing from itessential featnr. For instance, the'cut ting-'wheel Q might .be keyed on the spindle M and work through aslot in thc head E,and

any other method of imparting rotary motion to the spindles M M maybe adopted, such as l cranks and pitmenfor radial shafts bearing ruiter-gears at their outer ends meshing with .the samepowe'r might be rotated by independent gearing, orv

non roth-at @fthe 'shaft D Thalia-tm mayA 'arms E E, "fixed toits front, and terminating mitergears on thes'pindles .M M, and drivenl fromythe gear O at theirinner ends.V It is not even essentialthat the drills F 'F be rotated by that rotates the shaft D, as theyV even by a separate engine, it being immaterialy that their speed bear-any definite propor-'a revolve very slowly 'by' a hand-feed. or by hiydranlic pressurefor otherwise, and the drills' be rotatedrapidly; or the drill-heads maybe mere noirrotating cutting ends, and their revolution aroiindth axisoflthe shaft D may beveryrapid-and be Whollyvrelied on to effect tlie cutting; but I prefer the combination'of the two movements as described.

I claim as my'invention- V L In 'a machinefor boringtunne'ls by cutting a circumferential groove-in the heading, the combination, with the ccntrai shaft in the axis of the! tunnel, of the separate radial n heads E E, bracketframe's L L, fixed to said heads, and projecting forward, and drill-` fshafts M M, having bearings in Vsra-id" frames,

wherebysaid drill-shafts aresu'pported at their cutting ends and 'the cutting of a deep groove is' rendered possible, substantially' as' lset forth.

2. In a machine for -boring tunnels,the com bination,with central shaft, D, .of radial arms E lil, terminating in' heads E E', and vwith drill-shafts'borne by said heads, and suitable gearing traversing said'armsto rotate said drill'shafts, each arm being formed'witha vY-shaped' fiangc, j, on its front side, the

branches of which form brackets supporting saidhead, and with marginal fianges it' on its rear side, which serve both to stiil'en the. arm and to protect said gearing, substantially-as set fort-h. i i

3. In a machinefor boring tunnels by cut` ting a circumferential groove in the facing, the combination, Awith the aXially-arranged shaft, its tool-bearing arms, and the groovecutting drills Vborne by the latter, of supplementary cutters borne by said arms, arranged behind the drills, and acting against the wall of the tunnel, whereby the tunnel is enlarged to a greater` diameter than that cut lby thel growing-drills, substantially 'as set forth.

4. In a machine for boring t11 nnels,theco1n` bination, withthefcentral axial shaft, theradial arms fixed thereto,the groove-cutting drills borne' by said arms, and mechanism for rotating saiddrillsaof supplementary cutting- Wheels`borne by said arms, arranged on radial axesvgeared to the shafts of said drills, and acting to enlarge the diameter of the tunnel, substantially as set forth. I Inwitness whereof I have hereunto signed yrio my name in the presence of t.wo-subscribing witnesses.

' HENRY s. cnavnnl Vitnesses:

ARTHUR C. FRASER, HENRY CoNNn'r'r. 

